Improved apparatus for cooling and aerating liquids



F. HAECK. Apparatus for Cooling and Aerating Liquids. N0. 45,004.Patented Nov. 8, 1864;

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UNITE STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANCOIS HAEGK, OF BRUSSELS, BELGIUM.

IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR COOLING AND AERATING LIQUIDS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 15,604., dated November8, 1864.

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, FRANCOIS HAEOK, a subject of the King of Belgium,residing at Brussels, Belgium, have invented an Improved OX- ygenatorand Cooler for the Use of Distillers and Brewers; and I do herebydeclare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description ofthe same.

Very often in distilleries it is necessary to reduce to a verylowtemperature and at the same time to oxygenate considerable quantities ofliquidintendcd to afterward undergo alcoholic fermentation. To attainthis double end it is usual to spread these liquids in large shallowtroughs, similar to the cooling-troughs used in, breweries for thecooling and oxygenating of worts. The operation of cooling in thesetroughs is accelerated by fans; but as the temperature and the amountofoXygenation which should be imparted to these liquids are always thesame, in order to produce good fermentation, while the temperature ofthe air and consequently the length of time the liquids are allowed toremain in the troughs are variable, the operation of cooling andoxygenating the liquids is not performed for the most part underconditions favorable to the best alcoholic fermentation. Now, it isexceedingly easy, by the employment of the apparatus represented inFigures 1 to 5, to perform the cooling and oxygenation of the liquidswith mathematical precision.

Figure l is a plan of the apparatus; Fig. 2, a vertical section, andFig. 3 ahorizontal section.

The open jacket 7), Figs. 1 and 2, is constructed in the form of agutter. The inner side, 0, of the jacket is pierced with verticalrectangular holes a at small distances from each other. The liquid to becooled, coming from the reservoir sufficiently hot, enters the narrowgutter I) in a double stream by pipes o 0, Fig. 1, in such manner as toproduce in the gutter a circulating motion as rapid as possible. Thiscirculating motion of the liquid causes it to pass into the space a bythe lateral holes a from the gutter. By the motion imparted to theliquid the portions which pass through the holes a descend with auniform motion into the space a to the widened bot tom (Z thereof.

is a pipe by which the cooled liquid makes its exit from d. This piperises to the height necessary for the level of the liquid in the gutterb. It is fitted with a cock, R, to empty the space a at the end of theoperation. The refrigerating-water enters by two pipes, c 6. They extendhorizontally the whole length of the interior of the space, as indicatedin Fig. 4, which is a view of the pipe 6. They are pierced with holes attop, by which the water is divided and projected toward the top of theapparatus, so that the whole breadth of the refrigerating-space is madeto act. One of these pipes leads the water to the bottom of the narrowspace at the right of the appara tus, while the other pipe leads it tothe bottom of the narrow space at the left of the appara tus. By thismethod of introducing the water the liquid which descends in the space ais surrounded on both sides by refrigerating-water, which is renewedaccording to the quantity of liquid which passes through the space a.The refrigeratingwater having become heated runs off by the pipe 3''.

The apparatus thus described is constructed in parts united by flangesand bolts, so that the four parts-two together in j uxtap ositionwhichform the apparatus may be entirely separated to be cleansed by hand.

The two parts which form the space a are of tinned copper, and the twoparts which form the vessel surrounding the water are of iron or wood.

It is easy to understand that by introducing cold water proportionate inquantity to the quantity of liquid introduced the liquid may always bereduced to the exact temperature required for the fermentation.

I now proceed to explain the manner in which the exact amount of oxygenindispensable to good fermentation is introduced into the liquid. Forthis purpose I place at the orifice of the pipe a cylindrical vessel, A.q is a division-plate in this vessel, in which are fitted a number ofsmall tubes, .9, open at their two ends. See the vertical section, Fig.2, A, and plan, Fig. 5.) These tubes are all of the same diameter.Immediately above the division -plate (1 they have an opening, 0,through which the liquid passes from the trough and flows through thelower ends of the tubes. This flowing produces in the bottom of eachtube acontinuons suction which draws air through the upper opening, an,of

each tube. The current of air mixes with the current of liquid whichpasses through the tubes. It mixes with it also by the falling of theliquid on the division-plate of a second Vessel placed immediately underthe first, and constructed in every respect the same.

It is obvious that the liquid will be more oxygenated the more tubes andsuperposed vessels it passes through. As all the liquid mass is actuatedby the same conditions of oxygenation, the oxygenation will behomogeneous, and will insure an equal and regular fermentation of theliquid.

The operation just described for the cooling I and oxygenating of theliquid applies also to the cooling and oxygenation of worts of beer. Theprocess above described for regulating at a fixed temperature andoxygenating to an exact amount is also applicable to the manufacture ofvinegar, since the production of vinegar is only an oxygenation of theliquid by means of air introduced in suitable quantity. Therefrigerating and oxygcnating apparatus thus described allows ofimparting rapidly the exact degree of temperature and the precise amountof oxygenation necessary for the best alcoholic fermentation of aliquid. This apparatus performs the refrigerating of the liquid by the'process of reducing it into thin layers or films. The liquid to becooled is equally distributed in the central narrow space of theapparatus by causing it to enter first as forcibly as possible a narrowgutter, which it rapidly traverses all round the apparatus, escaping byequidistant lateral orifices formed in the'inn'er side of the gutter.The cooling medium enters below on both sides, and is distributed thewhole length of the apparatus; and the oxygenation of the li quid iseffected by means of a vessel or trough into which the liquid is carriedon coming out of the refrigerator, from which vessel the liquid cannotescape except by flowing through anumber of tubes open at both ends andtraversed by a quiek current of air drawn into the tubes by the flowingof the liquid, which air enters the tubes by holes formed at the levelof the bottom of the vessel.

The refrigerating apparatus may be made of the cylindrical form.

hat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The cooler hereinbefore described, containing a thin chamber for theliquid to be cooled, thin chambers for the cooling liquid, a perforatedgutter or its equivalent to distribute the liquid to be cooled, a pipefor its escape, and suitable means for the supply and escape of thecooling-liquid, all the parts being constructed substantially as setforth.

2. The oxygenator hereinbefore described. composed substantially of twochambers and perforated tubes, through which tubes air is drawn by theflow of the liquid, all constructed substantially as set forth.

3. The combination of the cooler and oxygenator, as described, so thatthe liquid may be cooled and oxygenated at one continuous operation.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

FRANCOIS HAEOK.

